The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.